Introduction to electronic converters

Most DC To DC Converters are designed for unidirectional conversion, and power can only flow from the input side to the output side. However, the topology of all switching voltage converters can be changed to bidirectional conversion, allowing power to flow from the output side back to the input side by changing all the diodes to independently controlled active rectification. The two-way converter can be used in applications such as vehicles that require regenerative braking. When the vehicle is running, the converter supplies power to the wheels, but when braking, the wheels will in turn supply power to the converter.
Switching converters are actually more complicated from an electronics point of view, but because many circuits are packaged in integrated circuits, they require fewer parts. In the circuit design, in order to reduce the switching noise (EMI / RFI) to the allowable range and to make the high-frequency circuit operate stably, careful design of the circuit and the layout of the actual circuit and components are required. In a step-down application, the cost of the switching converter is higher than that of the linear converter, but with the advancement of chip design, the cost of the switching converter is gradually decreasing.
The DC To DC Converter can be composed of an integrated circuit (IC) plus several parts, and some converters themselves are complete integrated integrated circuit modules, which only need to be assembled on the circuit board for use.
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